Juwang tic mi gwoko kwo pa piny mi Amerika (EPA) uketho cik ikum tic ku dichloromethane, ma julwongo bende ni dichloromethane, piny ma jutiyo kudu pol kare man kony mi yubu piny. Jurucik ma juyiko bi bedu ku adwogi madit ikum tic madwong, ku 100 ku 250 million pounds pa kemikol ma juyubu nyo jucwalo kud i ngom mange i 2019. Tic manok ma udong, ikinde tic kudu calu reagent pi yubu HFC-32, bibedo ku cik ma tek uloyu ma sagu cik pa OSHA ma kawoni.
EPA onyuthu cik ma juketho man cik ma juketho ma juketho i nindo 3, dwi mir abic, 2023, 83 Fed. mondi. 28284. Lembe maeni bi juku tic ku dichloromethane pa juruwil mukende. Tic moko ci mi dilo man mi kuloka pa dichloromethane, ikinde calu piny ma nyayu lyethu nyo piny mukende ma konyo tic, man tic mapol calu piny ma nyayu lyethu, de jubi kwero, muweko tic apar ma pire tek, aryo ikin gi utiye ma pire tek. Tic ma jukwero man ma juweko jukyewo i thum pa poyo wic eni. Cik manyen ma pire tek mi tic ku piny i nindo m'ubino copo ketho tic ku piny ma jukwanu ngo i kind piny moko ci.
Tic apar ma jukwanu ngo i cik eno bi kelo yeny mi ketho yub mi gwoko kemikol i kabedo mi tic (WCPP) malubiri ku cik pa OSHA pi methylene chloride, ento ku rwom pa kemikol ma 92% piny ma OSHA yio.
Ju ma cwinygi mito gitiye ku kare nitundu nindo 3, dwi mir 7, 2023 mi ketho paru migi ikum cik ma juyiko. EPA upenju pi paru ikum wi lembe 44, ikinde utiye ka cik pa WCPP umaku olok cik mi juku tic ku piny man ka juku juku tic kugi pio pio copo bedu. EPA de upenjo pi paru ka nyo tic moko ma jukwero copo bedu tic ma pire tek nyo ma pire tek, pi en epe ku yore mange ma ber uloyu.
Lembe maeni utiye mir aryo ma EPA uketho pi kemikol apar ma pire tek ma jubiketho i tic i thenge mir 6 mi cik mi gwoko piny ma rac (TSCA). Mir acel, eni ubedo paru mi juku tic ku chrysotile. Cik mir adek utiye ikum perchlorethylene, ma jubedu ka nenone i Office of Management and Budget (OMB) nicaku i nindo 23, mi dwi mir aryo, 2023. Nicaku i nindo 20, mi dwi mir adek, 2023, cik ma tok cen pi chrysotile (nen lwongo mwa) utiye i the telowic pa OMB.
I dwi mir abusiel 2020, lembe ma jutimo unwangu peko ma rwinyore ngo i lembe ceke ento i lembe abusiel ma jutiyo kudu ku methylene chloride. Giduto abusiel koro gin e list mar chike ma ng’ato nyalo tiyogo ma luwore gi chike mag WCPP. Lembe ma juloko i Dwi mir Aparacel 2022 unyutho nia dichloromethane utiye ku peko ma rwinyo ngo, ku lembe acel kende ma jutiyo kudu (poko piny) ma rwate ngo ku the lembe ne. Jurucik ma juketho bibedo ku poko piny pi lembe ma juyio ngo, ento ungo pi tic ma lubu cik pa WCPP. I ngei nwangu niya dichloromethane nyayu peko ma rwinyo, dul mir 6(a) pa TSCA kawoni ukwayu EPA ni lubo cik mi gwoko peko pi kemikol ne kara kud ebed ku peko ma kumeno.
EPA ugam ukwero juwil ni tiyu ku methylene chloride pi kwanyu rangi man rangi, 40 CFR § 751.105. EPA kawoni utiye ka ketho cik mi juku tic pa juruwil ma jukwanu ngo i dul 751.105, ikinde yiku, yubu, man poko pa methylene chloride man piny ma tye ku methylene chloride pi lembe eni.
Mi medo, EPA ubemito jukwero tic ku dichloromethane i tic mi yubu piny man mi kuloka ma lubo ngo cik pa WCPP, ikinde yiku, yubu, poko i kuloka, man tic kudu ithe cik maeni.
I ajiki pa poyo wic eni nyuthu lembe 45 mi tic, mi kuloka, man mi wil ma jubemito juyik. Lembe maeni juwodho kud i 2020 Risk Assessment. Mi medo, EPA uketho yub mi ketho cik manyen ma pire tek (SNUR) ma bi tiyo ikum dichloromethane moko ci nyo piny ma juketho i iye dichloromethane ma juketho ngo i lembe mi pimo peko. Ajenda mi cik ma juwodho i dwi mir acel uketho yub mi SNUR i dwi mir angwen 2023 (EPA udaru weko nindo meno) man SNUR ma tok cen i dwi mir adek 2024.
EPA uketho nia juk eni bibedo acel ikum adek pa methylene chloride ma juyubu kubang oro nyo ma jucwalo kud i ngom mange pi TSCA man tic mange.
[T]e cik ma juketho bibedo ngo pi piny moko ci ma juwodho kud i the lembe mi "kemikol" i the cik mir 3(2)(B)(ii)-(vi) mi TSCA. Lembe ma juwodho woko uketho i iye, ento kende kende ngo... cam moko ci, piny ma ju medo i kum dhanu, yath, piny mi deyo, nyo jam tic, calu ma juloko i dul mir 201 mi Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ka juyike, jutiyo kudu, nyo jupoko pi lembe mi kuloka. . pi tic kudu i cam, piny ma ju medo i cam, yath, piny mi deyo nyo jam tic...
Ku lembe pa adhesives i yiku pa betri ma jutiyo kudu pi yath, calu ma juloko i dul mir 201(h) mi Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ju ma jutiyo kudu ma jukwanu ni "jami tic" ka "juyubu, jutiyo kudu, nyo jupoko pi tic kudu calu jam tic" jubi kwanyu kud i the lembe pa "chemical" man tek ebedo ngo cik umedire anyim.
Tic ku dichloromethane calu pii ma tiyo i yub ma cego i yub mi yath mitu tic kudu calu piny ma nyayu pii i yiko yath, man [EPA] ungolo nia tic eni upodho i the lembe ma juloko malu, man epe "kemical" nimakere ku TSCA.
Cik pa piny ma juketho ma juketho pi gwoko methylene chloride man piny ma juketho i iye methylene chloride. EPA upenjo pi paru ka nyo kare mukende mitere, calu, ni yweyu yore mi poko piny ma jukwero. Ni lubre ku kwac mi dwoko wang lembe kawoni, EPA copo bedu ku paru manok mi neno kwac mi medo kare i nindo mukende.
Calu ma ju nyuthu i 45 Prohibited Use Conditions, methylene chloride jutiyu kudu i tic madwong, ikinde utiye calu solvent man calu jam kony mi tic. Macalu adwogi, lembe ma juyero, ka judaru, ecopu nyayu peko ikum juwil piny madwong. Pima pa peko mi 2020 nyuthu kabedo moko ma juromo tiyo kudu:
Dichloromethane utiye ku tic matung tung, ikinde utiye piny ma jukubo, piny ma jutiyo kudu pi mutukari, man piny ma kwanyo rangi man piny ma jukubo. Dichloromethane ungeyere maber ni piny ma nyayu rangi man i tic mi yath man filim. Jutiyo kudu calu piny ma nyayu lyethu pa polyurethane man iyubu hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants calu HFC-32. Man de nwangire i aerosol propellants man solvents ma jutiyo kudu pi yubu jam tic, yweyu man kwanyo moo kud i cuma, man yiku kom.
Paru mi juku tic ku methylene chloride ukelo penji ma pire tek ikum yore mukende maber. EPA neno lembe eni ka jube pimo yore mukende, ma jukoro i acaki calu ma e:
Mi nyang ikum cik mi tic ku piny ma kawoni utiye ku methylene chloride, EPA unwangu piny mapol ma juwilo ma tiye ku methylene chloride man, ka twere, egoro kit kemikol migi nyo jam tic migi i Alternatives Assessment. .
EPA unwangu piny 65 ma jucopo tiyo kudu i dul pa rangi man rangi, ma ikin gi ubedo dul ma nok (ref. 48). Calu ma jukoro i lembe mi lim, kadi nang epe nia piny eni zo copo bedu ber pi tic moko mi yiku kom, yore mi tic ku cuma nyoke lyethu copo bedu yore mukende ma tiyo ku kemikol ungo pi tic ku piny ma tye ku methylene chloride pi kwanyu rangi man rangi. … …EPA yio nia yore mukende maber man maber utiye i soko…
[A] Yore mange mi tiyo ku methylene chloride ma jung'eyo ngo ni kony mi tic. EPA ube kwayu lembe ikum yore mukende ma copo konyogi ni tiyo ku methylene chloride calu ma mako yore mi gwoko piny ma juyiko i the winjiri eni.
Bedo mbe pa yore mukende ma juromo tiyo kudu calu adjuncts utiye peko ma copo bedu. EPA onyutho cik mi tic kudu ni:
Tic ku dichloromethane pi medo tic pa tic nyo jam tic, nyo ka jumedo dichloromethane i tic nyo i piny nyo jamb piny ma jubi timo pi loko nyo jwigo pH pa piny nyo jamb piny. Piny ma jutiyo kudu pi timo yath doko ngo dul pa piny ma juyubu man eketho ngo tic pa piny ma juyubu nyo piny ma jutiyo kudu.
Dichloromethane jutiyo kudu calu "piny ma medu" man jutiyo kudu calu piny ma nyayu lyethu i kabedo ma cego. Cik ma juyiko eca bi juku tic ku dichloromethane kadi nya etiye ku copo manok mi nyayu two. Ento, acaki umedo kumae:
EPA upenjo paru ikum kite ma kanisa mukende ma tiyo ku methylene chloride calu kony mi tic bi lubo ku cik pa WCPP pi methylene chloride. Ka kanisa madwong copo nyutho nikadhu kud i rwom pa lembe ma jugwoko man lembe ma jukoro ikum tic ma jutimo nia mediri pa tic ku methylene chloride uketho ngo jurutic i ariti ma rwinyo, EPA uyio nia etiye ayika ni daru cik ma juketho [calu tic calu piny ma nyayu lyethu] nyo lembe ma jutimo [calu piny ma konyo tic] copo mediri nimakere ku WCPP…
Pieno, kampuni ma tiyo ku methylene chloride i tic ma nyayu peko manok, calu ve pii ma nyayu lyethu, gitiye ku twero mi penjo EPA ni loko cik ma juketho ikum tic ma kumeno ni kwayu tic pa WCPP—tek gicopo nyutho ni EPA nia gicopo lubo cik pa WCCP ma juweco pigi piny eno. Juwang tic mi gwoko kwo pa piny de uwaco ni:
Ka EPA copo ngo ni nwangu yore mukende mi tic ku piny eni man emiyu ngo lembe mukende ma copo konyo EPA ni nyang nia WCPP nyayu peko ma rac, Appropriate Disposition.
Thenge mir 6(d) mito ni EPA umitu julub cik pio pio, ento kud i ngei oro abic ingey wodhu cik mir ajiki. I wec mange, tic ma kumeno copo bedu ber pi medo kare mi lubo cik.
Pi lembe apar ma jutiyo kudu ma jugoro piny eno, ikinde utiye yubu man yubu HFC-32, dwoko piny manyen man jwigo, EPA uketho yub mi gwoko kabedo mi tic (niwacu WCPP) calu yore mukende mi juku. Lembe mi jwigo uketho i iye lembe ma mitere pi rwom mi rwom ma malu, kabedo ma jugwoko, gwoko rwom pa piny (ma uketho i iye lembe manyen ma mitire nimakere ku tic maber mi laboratory), lubo cik, gwoko yuyu, gwoko adila, man ponji. Cik eni medo OSHA methylene chloride standard 29 CFR § 1910.1052, ento gicungo iwi cik eno ku aloka loka acel ma pire tek.
Cik pa OSHA (ma juyike i 1997) utiye ku rwom ma juyiyu (PEL) pa 25 ppm (8-hour time-weighted average (TWA)) man Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) pa 125 ppm (15-minute TWA) . Ka juporo, TSCA Chemical Exposure Limit (ECEL) ma kawoni utiye 2 ppm (8 hour TWA) man STEL utiye 16 ppm (15 dakika TWA). Dong ECEL ubedo 8% kende pa OSHA PEL man EPA STEL bibedo 12.8% pa OSHA STEL. Kite mi gwoko kum umaku jutii kudu nimakere ku ECEL man STEL, ku yore mi gwoko kum ubedo piny ma pire tek man tic ku jam gwoko kum ubedo piny mir ajiki.
Eni nyutho nia dhanu ma romo ku cik pa OSHA copo bedu ngo ku cik ma juketho pi ECEL man STEL. Bedo ku jiji ikum kero mi timo lembe eni utiye piny ma ukelo EPA ni juku tic ku methylene chloride man piny ma tiye ku methylene chloride.
Mi medo ikum tic mi yubu man yubu piny ma jukwanu, cik pa WCPP de tiyo ikum jwigo man tic ku methylene chloride man piny ma tye ku methylene chloride. Macalu adwogi, kampuni ma jwigo yugi man ju ma gi dwoko piny ma rac ma copo bedu ngo ku ngec ikum cik pa TSCA umaku gi kadhu ikum cik pa OSHA.
Ni lubre ku rwom pa cik ma juketho man wel pa jutic ma copo bedo ku peko, lembe ma juweco ikum cik maeni copo bedu ma pire tek uloyu. Lembe ma jubi cwalo jubi cwalo ni EPA i nindo 3, dwi mir 7, 2023. The Preamble ukwayu nia ju ma timo tic ucikere ni cwalu paru migi ikum waraga ma mitere ni OMB i nindo 2, dwi mir 6, 2023.
Mapodi waweco ngo, kampuni man kanica mi kuloka (ni nen pa juwil migi) copo paru lembe ma e:
Ju ma loko lembe copo mitu ni weco ikum tic migi ku methylene chloride, yore migi mi juku rwom pa two, yub pa OSHA ma kawoni, adwogi pa gwoko leng pa methylene chloride (man kite ma juporo ku ECEL ku STEL). ; peko mi ngec ma mako nwangu nyo loko ni piny mange ma methylene chloride pi tic kudu; nindo ma gicopo loko kudu ni yo mange (ka copu bedu); man beru pa tic migi ku methylene chloride.
Lembe ma kumeno copo cwaku medo kare mi lubo cik pi tic kudu, nyo cik pa EPA mi weko tic moko ku methylene chloride kud i cik ma juketho i thenge mir 6(g) pa TSCA. Thenge mir 6(g)(1) uwacu:
Ka jatel wi tic unwangu niya...
(A) tic ma jukoro utiye tic ma pire tek nyo ma pire tek ma epe ku yore mukende ma ber man ma copo bedu maber, ma jukwanu ikum peko man adwogi marac;
(B) lubu cik ma jutiyo kudu pi lembe moko ma jutiyo kudu copo nyayu peko madit ikum yub pa ngom, bedo ber pa ngom, nyo piny ma pire tek; nyo
(C) Lembe ma jukoro ikum tic ku kemikol nyo jamb tiyo kudu miyo bero madit ikum yot kum, kabedu man bedo ber pa dhanu ka juporo ku yore mukende ma nwangre.
Med lembe, ikinde utiye gwoko rekod maber, lubo tok lembe man mi mio rapor, nitundu ma jatel wi tic ungiyo nia lembe eni piretek pi gwoko yot kum man kabedu man kabedu mi timo lembe ma jukwanu.
Lembe ma kwong'a ewacu niya EPA biparu mi weko Section 6(g) ka lembe mange ma copo bedu epe man ka timo lembe ma WCPP mito epe:
Yo mange, ka EPA copo ngo ni nwangu yore mukende mi tic eni [calu piny ma nyayu lyethu] man, nimakere ku lembe manyen, EPA ungiyu nia juku tic kugi copo nyayu peko madit ikum bedo ber pa ngom nyoke piny ma pire tek, Agency The EPA bi neno TSCA Section 6(g) exemption.
Ju ma loko lembe copo nyutho ka gicopo timo lembe ma WCPP ukwayu, man ka epe, lembe ango ma gicopo timo.
Lembe mi poyo wic: Ni lembe ma nyen maeni, lembe ma jumiyo kany copo bedu ngo i lembe ceke, man umitu kud jutim kudu manango kony pa cik ma lubere ku lembe peri.
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